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Code

 ///Name: Conner Wygaerts
///Period: 6
///Project Name: LetterAtATime
///File Name: LetterAtATime.java
///Date Finished: 2/29/16

   import java.util.Scanner;

public class LetterAtATime
{
	public static void main( String[] args )
	{
		Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);

		System.out.print("What is your message? ");
		String message = kb.nextLine();

		System.out.println("\nYour message is " + message.length() + " characters long.");
		System.out.println("The first character is at position 0 and is '" + message.charAt(0) + "'.");
		int lastpos = message.length() - 1;
		System.out.println("The last character is at position " + lastpos + " and is '" + message.charAt(lastpos) + "'.");
		System.out.println("\nHere are all the characters, one at a time:\n");

		for ( int i=0; i < message.length(); i++ )
		{
			System.out.println("\t" + i + " - '" + message.charAt(i) + "'");
		}

		int a_count = 0;

		for ( int i=0; i < message.length(); i++ )
		{
			char letter = message.charAt(i);
			if ( ( letter == 'a' || letter == 'A' ) || ( letter == 'e' || letter == 'E' ) || ( letter == 'i' || letter == 'I' ) || ( letter == 'o' || letter == 'O' ) || ( letter == 'u' || letter == 'U' ) )
			{
				a_count++;
			}
		}

		System.out.println("\nYour message contains " + a_count + " vowels. Isn't that interesting?");

	}
}
// 1.Program crashes with StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, b/c .charAt() requires a parameter smaller than .length();
// 2.String "box" has length of 3 chars, but "x" is positioned at index 2, b/c count starts with 0;
// 3.Because i is still less than .length(), therefore there's no exception thrown;


    

Picture of the output